#116 / 118
116Lv[293]
Superheavy / Unknownsolid at STPP-block

Livermorium

Group: 16•Period: 7•Standard Atomic Weight: [293] u
Open Full Periodic TableView Bohr Model

Why is Livermorium in this position?

Understanding the scientific rationale behind Livermorium's position in the periodic table:

Group Assignment
Group 16

Belongs to Group 16 (Chalcogens) as the 7p homologue of Polonium (7s² 7p⁴).

Period Assignment
Period 7

Belongs to Period 7 because its outermost electrons occupy n=7.

Orbital Block
P-block

Belongs to the p-block because its valence electrons occupy 7p orbitals.

Chemical Category
Superheavy / Unknown

Classified as a superheavy post-transition metal.

Atomic Structure & Bohr Shell Model

Shell Distribution: [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6]

Bohr Atomic Shell Model(2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6)

Hover or tap any shell orbit ring to inspect electron counts and 2n² capacities.

116 Protons (p⁺)177 Neutrons (n⁰)
KShell K: Electron 1 of 2Shell K: Electron 2 of 2LShell L: Electron 1 of 8Shell L: Electron 2 of 8Shell L: Electron 3 of 8Shell L: Electron 4 of 8Shell L: Electron 5 of 8Shell L: Electron 6 of 8Shell L: Electron 7 of 8Shell L: Electron 8 of 8MShell M: Electron 1 of 18Shell M: Electron 2 of 18Shell M: Electron 3 of 18Shell M: Electron 4 of 18Shell M: Electron 5 of 18Shell M: Electron 6 of 18Shell M: Electron 7 of 18Shell M: Electron 8 of 18Shell M: Electron 9 of 18Shell M: Electron 10 of 18Shell M: Electron 11 of 18Shell M: Electron 12 of 18Shell M: Electron 13 of 18Shell M: Electron 14 of 18Shell M: Electron 15 of 18Shell M: Electron 16 of 18Shell M: Electron 17 of 18Shell M: Electron 18 of 18NShell N: Electron 1 of 32Shell N: Electron 2 of 32Shell N: Electron 3 of 32Shell N: Electron 4 of 32Shell N: Electron 5 of 32Shell N: Electron 6 of 32Shell N: Electron 7 of 32Shell N: Electron 8 of 32Shell N: Electron 9 of 32Shell N: Electron 10 of 32Shell N: Electron 11 of 32Shell N: Electron 12 of 32Shell N: Electron 13 of 32Shell N: Electron 14 of 32Shell N: Electron 15 of 32Shell N: Electron 16 of 32Shell N: Electron 17 of 32Shell N: Electron 18 of 32Shell N: Electron 19 of 32Shell N: Electron 20 of 32Shell N: Electron 21 of 32Shell N: Electron 22 of 32Shell N: Electron 23 of 32Shell N: Electron 24 of 32Shell N: Electron 25 of 32Shell N: Electron 26 of 32Shell N: Electron 27 of 32Shell N: Electron 28 of 32Shell N: Electron 29 of 32Shell N: Electron 30 of 32Shell N: Electron 31 of 32Shell N: Electron 32 of 32OShell O: Electron 1 of 32Shell O: Electron 2 of 32Shell O: Electron 3 of 32Shell O: Electron 4 of 32Shell O: Electron 5 of 32Shell O: Electron 6 of 32Shell O: Electron 7 of 32Shell O: Electron 8 of 32Shell O: Electron 9 of 32Shell O: Electron 10 of 32Shell O: Electron 11 of 32Shell O: Electron 12 of 32Shell O: Electron 13 of 32Shell O: Electron 14 of 32Shell O: Electron 15 of 32Shell O: Electron 16 of 32Shell O: Electron 17 of 32Shell O: Electron 18 of 32Shell O: Electron 19 of 32Shell O: Electron 20 of 32Shell O: Electron 21 of 32Shell O: Electron 22 of 32Shell O: Electron 23 of 32Shell O: Electron 24 of 32Shell O: Electron 25 of 32Shell O: Electron 26 of 32Shell O: Electron 27 of 32Shell O: Electron 28 of 32Shell O: Electron 29 of 32Shell O: Electron 30 of 32Shell O: Electron 31 of 32Shell O: Electron 32 of 32PShell P: Electron 1 of 18Shell P: Electron 2 of 18Shell P: Electron 3 of 18Shell P: Electron 4 of 18Shell P: Electron 5 of 18Shell P: Electron 6 of 18Shell P: Electron 7 of 18Shell P: Electron 8 of 18Shell P: Electron 9 of 18Shell P: Electron 10 of 18Shell P: Electron 11 of 18Shell P: Electron 12 of 18Shell P: Electron 13 of 18Shell P: Electron 14 of 18Shell P: Electron 15 of 18Shell P: Electron 16 of 18Shell P: Electron 17 of 18Shell P: Electron 18 of 18QShell Q: Electron 1 of 6Shell Q: Electron 2 of 6Shell Q: Electron 3 of 6Shell Q: Electron 4 of 6Shell Q: Electron 5 of 6Shell Q: Electron 6 of 6LvZ = 116

Educational Note: This Niels Bohr planetary model visually illustrates principal quantum energy shells ($n=1, 2, 3\dots$) and electron counts. In modern quantum mechanics (Schrödinger model), electrons do not orbit in fixed circular planetary tracks, but exist as 3D probability clouds (orbitals: $s, p, d, f$) governed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

Electron Shell Filling Breakdown

Shell K (n=1):2 / 2 electrons (100%)
Shell L (n=2):8 / 8 electrons (100%)
Shell M (n=3):18 / 18 electrons (100%)
Shell N (n=4):32 / 32 electrons (100%)
Shell O (n=5):32 / 50 electrons (64%)
Shell P (n=6):18 / 72 electrons (25%)
Shell Q (n=7):6 / 98 electrons (6%)
Aufbau Electron Configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴

Neutral ground state configuration. Valence electrons: 6.

Atomic & Quantum Properties

Electronegativity (Pauling)Not available
1st Ionization Energy723.6 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity-74.9 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius (empirical)140 pm
Common Oxidation States+2, +4
Crystal StructureHCP (predicted)

Physical & Thermal Properties

Density at STP12.9 g/cm³ (predicted)
Melting Point435 °C (708 K)
Boiling Point812 °C (1085 K)
Magnetic OrderingParamagnetic
Discovery Year2000
Discovered ByJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna) & Lawrence Livermore National Lab

Real-World Uses, Occurrence & Compounds

Major Industrial & Everyday Uses
  • Pure scientific research into the nuclear physics of superheavy actinide-projectile collisions
Occurrence in Nature

Synthesized in particle accelerators by bombarding Curium-248 targets with Calcium-48 ions.

Etymology & Name Origin

Named in honor of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California

Important Chemical Compounds
None (single atoms produced)
Interesting Chemical Facts
  • • Livermorium honors the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, which collaborated with Dubna on discovering six new elements.
  • • The longest-lived isotope, Livermorium-293, has a half-life of approximately 53 milliseconds.
  • • Livermorium is predicted to be a dense post-transition metal, with the +2 oxidation state being significantly more stable than the +4 or +6 states.
Safety & Handling Note

Extremely radioactive; exists only in cyclotron detection chambers.

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