Understanding the scientific rationale behind Antimony's position in the periodic table:
Belongs to Group 15 (Pnictogens) because it has 5 valence electrons (5s² 5p³).
Belongs to Period 5 because its outermost electrons fill the n=5 shell.
Belongs to the p-block because its differentiating electrons occupy 5p orbitals.
Classified as a metalloid due to its semi-metallic luster, brittle mechanical behavior, and moderate electrical conductivity.
Hover or tap any shell orbit ring to inspect electron counts and 2n² capacities.
Educational Note: This Niels Bohr planetary model visually illustrates principal quantum energy shells ($n=1, 2, 3\dots$) and electron counts. In modern quantum mechanics (Schrödinger model), electrons do not orbit in fixed circular planetary tracks, but exist as 3D probability clouds (orbitals: $s, p, d, f$) governed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Neutral ground state configuration. Valence electrons: 5.
Mined predominantly from stibnite ore (antimony trisulfide / Sb₂S₃), with over 70% of world supply sourced from China.
From Greek 'anti-monos' (not alone); symbol Sb from Latin 'stibium' (kohl eye makeup)
Toxic and irritating; antimony toxicity mirrors arsenic poisoning by disrupting cellular enzyme sulfhydryl groups.