Understanding the scientific rationale behind Calcium's position in the periodic table:
Belongs to Group 2 because it has 2 valence electrons in its outer s-orbital (4s²).
Belongs to Period 4 because its outermost occupied shell is n=4.
Belongs to the s-block because the differentiating electrons fill the 4s subshell.
Classified as an alkaline earth metal due to its basic oxide and standard +2 oxidation state.
Hover or tap any shell orbit ring to inspect electron counts and 2n² capacities.
Educational Note: This Niels Bohr planetary model visually illustrates principal quantum energy shells ($n=1, 2, 3\dots$) and electron counts. In modern quantum mechanics (Schrödinger model), electrons do not orbit in fixed circular planetary tracks, but exist as 3D probability clouds (orbitals: $s, p, d, f$) governed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Neutral ground state configuration. Valence electrons: 2.
Massive geologic deposits of limestone, marble, and chalk (CaCO₃), gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), and fluorite (CaF₂).
From Latin 'calx' meaning lime or limestone
Calcium metal reacts with water generating heat and flammable hydrogen; quicklime (CaO) causes severe chemical burns on contact with moisture.