Active Module: PH SIMULATOR
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pH & Hydronium Concentration Simulator
pH = -log₁₀[H₃O⁺]: A logarithmic scale measuring acidity and alkalinity.
Universal Indicator Flask
pH 7
Virtual Test Strip
Neutral (Green)
0 Highly Acidic7 Neutral14 Highly Basic
01234567891011121314
Adjust [H₃O⁺] Concentration (log scale 10⁻¹⁴ to 10⁰ M):1.00e-7 M
📐Step-by-Step Mathematical Derivation
Given ➔ Formula ➔ Solve1. Given Quantities:
• Sample: Pure Neutral Water
• Hydronium Concentration [H₃O⁺]: 1.00e-7 M
• Auto-ionization constant Kw: 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C
2. Governing Formula:
pH = -log₁₀[H₃O⁺] ; pOH = 14 - pH ; [OH⁻] = 10^(-pOH)
3. Substitute Values:
pH = -log₁₀(1.00e-7)
4. Calculated Result:
pH = 7 | pOH = 7 | [OH⁻] = 1.00e-7 M
5. Chemical Interpretation:Neutral solution: [H₃O⁺] = [OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M at 25°C.
📊The 10× Logarithmic Factor
Because pH is a negative base-10 logarithm, a change of just 1 pH unit is not a 1-unit increase—it is a tenfold (10×) change in hydronium ion concentration.
A solution at pH 3 has 100 times more hydronium ions than a solution at pH 5.